{"id":9118,"date":"2026-10-04T17:59:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-04T21:59:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iranlifeandliberty.com\/?page_id=9118"},"modified":"2026-10-04T17:59:55","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T21:59:55","slug":"compare-iran-constitutions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iranlifeandliberty.com\/en\/compare-iran-constitutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Structural Comparison of Iranian Constitutional Drafts"},"content":{"rendered":"<article class=\"icc\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-labelledby=\"icc-title\">\n <a class=\"icc-skip\" href=\"#icc-content\">Skip to page content<\/a>\n <header class=\"icc-hero\"><div class=\"icc-title-band\"><h1 id=\"icc-title\" data-copy=\"title\">Compare Iranian Constitutional Drafts and Transition Plans<\/h1><\/div><p class=\"icc-subtitle\" data-copy=\"subtitle\">If we disagree with the government tomorrow, what path does each text offer us to claim a right, challenge a decision and change the rules?<\/p><div class=\"icc-hero-actions\"><a class=\"icc-primary-link\" href=\"#icc-dashboard\">Compare texts <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#icc-methodology\">Method and framework<\/a><\/div><\/header>\n <nav class=\"icc-page-nav\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><a href=\"#icc-introduction\"><span class=\"icc-nav-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Starting point<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#icc-dashboard\"><span class=\"icc-nav-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Compare texts<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\"><span class=\"icc-nav-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>Questionnaire<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#icc-methodology\"><span class=\"icc-nav-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Method and framework<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#icc-reading-guide\"><span class=\"icc-nav-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Reading the answers<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#icc-sources\"><span class=\"icc-nav-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Documents and sources<\/span><\/a><\/nav>\n <div id=\"icc-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n <section class=\"icc-section icc-introduction\" id=\"icc-introduction\" aria-labelledby=\"icc-introduction-title\"><h2 id=\"icc-introduction-title\">How does a constitution affect our lives?<\/h2><div class=\"icc-public-summary\"><p>This page examines Iranian constitutional drafts and transition documents through shared questions: who holds power, who can restrain it, and how can a citizen seek a hearing, a remedy and enforcement when a right is violated?<\/p><p>The baseline is the free and equal standing of every person. Enjoying and pursuing a right should not depend on the favor of those in power. Language, gender, religion or national belonging should not place anyone in an inferior position when claiming rights or exercising control over power.<\/p><p>Start with one issue. Read the texts\u2019 answers and relevant sections, and consider where explanation or revision is needed. The aim is to support criticism and discussion. The comparison gives no overall scores, and its readings require independent review.<\/p><\/div><details class=\"icc-reading-detail icc-full-purpose\" data-reading-detail><summary>Full explanation of the project\u2019s purpose<\/summary><div class=\"icc-introduction-copy\"><p data-copy=\"opening.0\">This project compares Iranian constitutional drafts and transition documents not to rank them or declare one text \u201cbetter,\u201d but to make the architecture of power visible and to create room for public criticism, discussion and revision.<\/p><p data-copy=\"opening.1\">A constitution is not evaluated simply by counting the rights it names. The frequency of words such as \u201cfreedom,\u201d \u201cequality\u201d or \u201chuman rights\u201d does not show how those rights are guaranteed: who holds power, who can restrain it, how a citizen can challenge a decision, what happens when a responsible institution fails to act, and whether persistent disagreement can remain inside a lawful political order without exclusion, violence or institutional blockage.<\/p><p data-copy=\"opening.2\">The project also does not presume the legitimacy of any draft and claims no authority to determine Iran\u2019s future constitution. The underlying question is how legitimacy claims can be exposed to public examination. Legitimacy is therefore not only a property of a text; it also depends on a process in which questions can be raised, answers documented, objections recorded, and a draft explained or revised in response to public criticism.<\/p><p data-copy=\"opening.3\">The tool is intended to make that process visible: criteria should be clear, each text\u2019s answer should be traceable, ambiguities and unresolved issues should be documented, and proposed improvements should themselves be open to renewed examination. The cycle is: criterion \u2192 public examination \u2192 objection and criticism \u2192 response \u2192 revision \u2192 examination again.<\/p><p data-copy=\"opening.4\">No indicator or single question creates legitimacy by itself. These criteria are not intended to produce a \u201clegitimacy score\u201d; they make public the questions that a claim to legitimacy must be able to answer.<\/p><\/div><\/details><div class=\"icc-group-overview\" aria-labelledby=\"icc-group-overview-title\"><h3 id=\"icc-group-overview-title\">How are the questions organized?<\/h3><p>The questionnaire examines different aspects of power and living together. Each group and its central issue are listed below. Open a heading to see its questions.<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\" data-bank-group=\"founding-legitimacy\">Founding and legitimacy<span class=\"icc-small\">4 questions<\/span><\/a><p>Who may exercise authority in the people\u2019s name?<\/p><\/li><li><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\" data-bank-group=\"power-capacity\">Distribution of power and governing capacity<span class=\"icc-small\">12 questions<\/span><\/a><p>Which body has which powers, and how is it held accountable?<\/p><\/li><li><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\" data-bank-group=\"restraint-guarantees\">Restraint of power and rights guarantees<span class=\"icc-small\">30 questions<\/span><\/a><p>When power exceeds its limits, what hearing and remedy are available?<\/p><\/li><li><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\" data-bank-group=\"participation-contestation\">Participation, contestation and political competition<span class=\"icc-small\">38 questions<\/span><\/a><p>How can people vote, organize and protest?<\/p><\/li><li><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\" data-bank-group=\"pluralism-territory\">Pluralism, self-government and territorial order<span class=\"icc-small\">39 questions<\/span><\/a><p>How are central and regional powers, and protection of minorities within them, arranged?<\/p><\/li><li><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\" data-bank-group=\"resources-interdependence\">Resources, political economy and interdependence<span class=\"icc-small\">17 questions<\/span><\/a><p>How are revenues, resources and shared obligations managed and distributed?<\/p><\/li><li><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\" data-bank-group=\"crisis-transition\">Crisis, transition and systemic sustainability<span class=\"icc-small\">34 questions<\/span><\/a><p>How are emergencies, constitutional amendment and redress for past violations handled?<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p>These seven groups are subject areas. Their order is not a sequence of events or procedural stages; an issue such as transition or linguistic representation can involve several groups.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"icc-public-start\"><h3>Where would you like to start?<\/h3><p>These four issues are optional starting examples within the seven groups above. Each card shows two questions from the questionnaire. Choose a question to read its answer after selecting a text; group links open the full question list for that topic.<\/p><div class=\"icc-start-topics\"><div class=\"icc-start-card\"><h4>What remedy is available if my rights are violated?<\/h4><p class=\"icc-start-group\">Restraint of power and rights guarantees \u00b7 30 questions<\/p><ul class=\"icc-start-questions\"><li><button type=\"button\" data-show-question=\"restraint-21\">What remedies exist for violation of rights? <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-show-question=\"restraint-07\">Are decisions of the constitutional-review body binding? <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"icc-start-related\"><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\" data-bank-group=\"restraint-guarantees\">All questions in this group<\/a><\/div><a class=\"icc-start-read\" href=\"#icc-dashboard\" data-start-topic=\"restraint-guarantees\">Choose a text and read this group\u2019s answers<\/a><\/div><div class=\"icc-start-card\"><h4>Can I oppose the government?<\/h4><p class=\"icc-start-group\">Participation, contestation and political competition \u00b7 38 questions<\/p><ul class=\"icc-start-questions\"><li><button type=\"button\" data-show-question=\"contestation-17\">Is peaceful protest protected? <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-show-question=\"contestation-18\">Does peaceful political advocacy remain protected when its aim is fundamental constitutional change? <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"icc-start-related\"><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\" data-bank-group=\"participation-contestation\">All questions in this group<\/a><\/div><a class=\"icc-start-read\" href=\"#icc-dashboard\" data-start-topic=\"participation-contestation\">Choose a text and read this group\u2019s answers<\/a><\/div><div class=\"icc-start-card\"><h4>What standing do my language, identity and region have?<\/h4><p class=\"icc-start-group\">Pluralism, self-government and territorial order \u00b7 39 questions<\/p><p>Representation of national, ethnic or linguistic communities is examined under Participation, contestation and political competition; central and regional powers under Pluralism, self-government and territorial order.<\/p><ul class=\"icc-start-questions\"><li><button type=\"button\" data-show-question=\"representation-06\"><small class=\"icc-start-question-group\">Participation, contestation and political competition<\/small>How is representation of national, ethnic or linguistic communities guaranteed? <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-show-question=\"power-15\"><small class=\"icc-start-question-group\">Pluralism, self-government and territorial order<\/small>What constitutionally protected powers exist at local\/regional level? <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"icc-start-related\"><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\" data-bank-group=\"pluralism-territory\">All questions in this group<\/a><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\" data-bank-group=\"participation-contestation\">Related group: Participation, contestation and political competition<\/a><\/div><a class=\"icc-start-read\" href=\"#icc-dashboard\" data-start-topic=\"pluralism-territory\">Choose a text and read this group\u2019s answers<\/a><\/div><div class=\"icc-start-card\"><h4>How can rules and power change during and after transition?<\/h4><p class=\"icc-start-group\">Crisis, transition and systemic sustainability \u00b7 34 questions<\/p><p>The powers and end of provisional authority belong to Founding and legitimacy. Emergency powers, constitutional amendment and transitional justice are examined under Crisis, transition and sustainability of the order.<\/p><ul class=\"icc-start-questions\"><li><button type=\"button\" data-show-question=\"founding-02\"><small class=\"icc-start-question-group\">Founding and legitimacy<\/small>Before elected institutions are constituted, what powers may a provisional authority exercise, what decisions lie outside its remit, and how does that authority end? <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-show-question=\"amendment-01\"><small class=\"icc-start-question-group\">Crisis, transition and systemic sustainability<\/small>who may initiate constitutional amendment? <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"icc-start-related\"><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\" data-bank-group=\"crisis-transition\">All questions in this group<\/a><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\" data-bank-group=\"founding-legitimacy\">Related group: Founding and legitimacy<\/a><\/div><a class=\"icc-start-read\" href=\"#icc-dashboard\" data-start-topic=\"crisis-transition\">Choose a text and read this group\u2019s answers<\/a><\/div><\/div><a class=\"icc-all-groups\" href=\"#icc-questionnaire\">See all seven groups and their questions<\/a><p>To raise a criticism, identify the question or provision and explain your objection. You do not need a complete solution to participate.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"icc-collection-summary\"><p>The collection contains 4 texts and 696 answers to 174 shared questions. Read one text at a time or choose any two to compare.<\/p><a href=\"#icc-sources\">View all texts and source editions<\/a><\/div><\/section>\n <section class=\"icc-section icc-tool\" id=\"icc-dashboard\" aria-labelledby=\"icc-dashboard-title\" data-icc-language=\"en\" data-icc-data-base=\"https:\/\/iranlifeandliberty.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/iran-constitutional-comparison\/content\/\">\n <div class=\"icc-tool-heading\"><h2 id=\"icc-dashboard-title\">Compare texts<\/h2><p>Choose one text from the collection, or any two to compare. A \u201cshared question\u201d is the same question asked of the selected texts; their answers may differ. Each selection identifies the document type and source edition.<\/p><\/div>\n <form class=\"icc-select-form\"><fieldset class=\"icc-mode\"><legend>Reading mode<\/legend><label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"mode\" value=\"single\" checked>Explore one text<\/label><label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"mode\" value=\"two\">Compare two texts<\/label><\/fieldset><div class=\"icc-selectors\"><div><label>First text<select name=\"first\" required disabled><\/select><\/label><div class=\"icc-selection-info icc-first-info\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"icc-second-selection\"><label>Second text<select name=\"second\" required disabled><\/select><\/label><div class=\"icc-selection-info icc-second-info\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"icc-single-note icc-small\" hidden>The second selection is unused when exploring one text.<\/p><div class=\"icc-action-row\"><p class=\"icc-selection-notice icc-small\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><button type=\"submit\" disabled>Show answers for this text<\/button><\/div><p class=\"icc-error\" role=\"alert\" hidden><\/p><\/form>\n <p class=\"icc-loading\" role=\"status\">Loading questions and recorded answers\u2026<\/p>\n <div class=\"icc-selection-start\" role=\"status\" hidden><h3>Choose the text you want to examine<\/h3><p>Choose one text from the list above. To put any two texts side by side, select \u201cCompare two texts\u201d and choose the second text. Answers appear after you apply your selection.<\/p><p class=\"icc-pending-topic\"><\/p><a href=\"#icc-questionnaire\">See all seven groups and their questions<\/a><\/div>\n <div class=\"icc-loaded\" hidden><div class=\"icc-pilot-note\"><p class=\"icc-coverage\" role=\"status\"><\/p><p class=\"icc-small\">Answers refer to the editions identified in Sources. Independent review is required.<\/p><details class=\"icc-research-details\"><summary>Data coverage and source versions<\/summary><dl><\/dl><\/details><\/div><div class=\"icc-applied-selection\"><span class=\"icc-small\">Texts displayed<\/span><p><\/p><\/div>\n <div class=\"icc-filters\"><label>Question group<select name=\"topic\"><option value=\"all\">All groups<\/option><\/select><\/label><label>Search questions and answers<input type=\"search\" name=\"search\" placeholder=\"For example: protest, judicial selection or amendment\"><\/label><label>Answer recording status<select name=\"recording\"><option value=\"recorded\">Questions with a recorded answer<\/option><option value=\"all\">All questions<\/option><option value=\"unreviewed\">Questions without an answer in the selected texts<\/option><\/select><\/label><\/div>\n <div class=\"icc-export-row\"><p class=\"icc-results-count\" role=\"status\"><\/p><span class=\"icc-small\">Exports contain all questions matching the filters, not only this page.<\/span><button type=\"button\" data-export=\"json\">Download JSON<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-export=\"csv\">Download CSV<\/button><\/div>\n <div class=\"icc-comparison-output\" id=\"icc-results\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Show comparison\"><\/div><div class=\"icc-pagination\"><button type=\"button\" data-page=\"previous\">Previous<\/button><span><\/span><button type=\"button\" data-page=\"next\">Next<\/button><\/div>\n <\/div><noscript>The data could not be loaded. Reload the page to try again.<\/noscript><\/section>\n <section class=\"icc-section\" id=\"icc-questionnaire\" aria-labelledby=\"icc-questionnaire-title\"><h2 id=\"icc-questionnaire-title\">Questionnaire<\/h2><p>This questionnaire uses the same seven groups introduced at the start and contains all 174 questions. Open a heading and use the button beneath a question to read its answer.<\/p><label class=\"icc-bank-search\">Search the full questionnaire<input type=\"search\" name=\"bank-search\"><\/label><p class=\"icc-bank-version icc-small\"><\/p><div class=\"icc-bank-list\"><\/div><details class=\"icc-scenarios\"><summary>Disagreement and sustainability scenarios<\/summary><p>These scenarios connect relevant questions; they are not additional scored criteria.<\/p><div class=\"icc-scenario-list\"><\/div><\/details><\/section>\n <section class=\"icc-section\" id=\"icc-methodology\" aria-labelledby=\"icc-methodology-title\"><h2 id=\"icc-methodology-title\">Method and framework<\/h2><details class=\"icc-reading-detail\" data-reading-detail><summary>Method and underlying principles<\/summary><div class=\"icc-framework-copy icc-method-body\"><div class=\"icc-method-part\" data-method-opening><h3>Legitimacy as an examinable and revisable process<\/h3><p>Legitimacy is not a numerical score in this project. Four levels are kept distinct: the origin and production of a draft; the architecture of the text itself; participation and contestation in the review process; and the capacity of the text and process to respond and revise over time.<\/p><p>The questionnaire is itself part of that test: a draft can face public criticism, a response by its author or supporters can be recorded, and a revised version can be examined again under the same criteria.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"icc-method-part\"><h3>From declaration to guarantee<\/h3><p>Each question follows a power pathway: who has authority, under what conditions, who may control or contest it, and what guarantees implementation of the outcome. Counting words or merely finding an institution is therefore insufficient.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"icc-method-part\"><h3>Seven question groups<\/h3><p>All 174 questions are organized into seven public groups: founding and legitimacy; distribution of power and governing capacity; restraint of power and rights guarantees; participation, contestation and political competition; pluralism, self-government and territorial order; resources, political economy and interdependence; and crisis, transition and systemic sustainability. These groups replace technical IDs in public presentation and do not produce scores.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"icc-method-part\"><h3>External coverage reference<\/h3><p>The questionnaire has also been cross-walked against the CCP-FACET topic ontology of the Comparative Constitutions Project as an external coverage check. The ontology is used to identify topics and possible blind spots; this project\u2019s analysis still follows power, control, guarantee and sustainability.<\/p><p class=\"icc-method-reference\">Technical taxonomy used: <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/conceptintegration\/sartori-repo\/blob\/main\/CCP-FACET\/ontology.csv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CCP-FACET ontology<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"icc-method-part\"><p>This project compares different Iranian constitutional drafts, not to rank them or decide which text is \u201cbetter,\u201d but to clarify the architecture of power in each.<\/p><p>We ask each draft the same questions about comparable situations. When a decision affects a person\u2019s or a group\u2019s rights, who makes it, what limits apply, and how can those affected challenge it or seek a remedy? We read the relevant provisions together rather than stopping at the name of a right or institution.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"icc-method-part\"><h3>Capacity, control and revision over time<\/h3><p>After identifying a mechanism, we examine the tools available to perform its function and who can control their use. These are distinct questions: an institution may be able to make effective decisions while access to challenge is restricted, or challenge may be accessible while the reviewing body cannot produce a binding result.<\/p><dl class=\"icc-method-definitions\"><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>Does the text provide a competent body, jurisdiction, access to information, resources and an enforcement route? A textual assessment cannot establish how a future institution will perform in practice.<\/dd><dt>Control<\/dt><dd>Who can help shape authority, scrutinize its exercise, demand reasons and secure correction? Who controls the reviewer\u2019s appointment, removal, resources, jurisdiction and enforcement?<\/dd><dt>Sustainability<\/dt><dd>When demands change or disagreement persists, what routes exist for reconsidering the rules? What preserves lawful revision while preventing incumbents from rewriting the rules unilaterally for their own benefit?<\/dd><\/dl><p>Demands to change a territory\u2019s political status are examined in the same way in federal and non-federal drafts. Peaceful advocacy, formal initiation, demonstrated support, negotiations and the final legal effect are separate stages. Concurrent or successive demands also raise questions about shared obligations, resources, environmental systems and the people who remain. These are inquiries into the text\u2019s arrangements, not predictions about a population\u2019s demands or a government\u2019s survival.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"icc-method-part\"><h3>The same standard for every text<\/h3><p>Each question records both the route a text provides and its limits. Where a citizen initiative exists, we examine its threshold, legal effect and the reviewing institution\u2019s discretion. Where another text provides no comparable direct route, its alternatives and citizens\u2019 dependence on representative institutions must be visible in the same row. No arrangement is exempt from scrutiny.<\/p><p>Equal treatment does not require equal numbers of faults. The absence of a quota, referendum or political override of a judgment is not automatically a deficiency; it may reflect a different institutional choice or a restraint on power. Delegation to ordinary law is distinguished from silence and ambiguity. When a parent mechanism is not provided, its dependent subquestions are not counted as several independent defects.<\/p><p>The \u201cAnswers side by side\u201d view places each text\u2019s answer and references against the common question. \u201cShared topics for review\u201d states the common criterion and revision question once, alongside the selected texts\u2019 answers. Revision questions are proposals for discussion, not existing constitutional rules or established defects.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"icc-method-part\"><h3>Evidence and limits of the reading<\/h3><p>Each answer distinguishes express wording, a reading across provisions, delegated detail and a matter not identified within the reading scope. An unanswered research question must not be presented as constitutional silence. A reference to one related provision does not by itself establish that a rule is absent throughout the document.<\/p><p>This method is informed by concern for rights guarantees and public control of power; its questions are not assumption-free. A defensible comparison makes that basis visible, applies the same criteria to every text, preserves the evidence and remains open to correction. Its purpose is to make disagreements about constitutional proposals more precise and allow readers to judge their consequences from the answers and sources.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"icc-method-part\"><h3>Document type and political phase<\/h3><p>A permanent constitutional draft and a transition plan have different scopes. Each source identifies its document type and the phase assessed. Transitional powers and controls face the same shared criteria; a decision expressly reserved for a future constituent assembly is not read as a final constitutional rule. Section and page references replace article numbers where a document has no numbered constitutional articles.<\/p><\/div><p>Constitute has a global, topic-based constitutional-comparison scope. This project focuses on Iranian drafts and organizes its examination around relationships of authority, remedies, public control and revision. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.constituteproject.org\/content\/about\">About Constitute<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/section>\n <section class=\"icc-section\" id=\"icc-reading-guide\" aria-labelledby=\"icc-reading-guide-title\"><h2 id=\"icc-reading-guide-title\">Reading the answers<\/h2><details class=\"icc-reading-detail\" data-reading-detail><summary>Full guide to reading answers and evidence<\/summary><p>Every text faces the same question and criterion; answers and limits may differ. Read the document type, political phase and answer scope as well. The textual finding is separate from a proposed revision question.<\/p><div class=\"icc-guide-columns\"><div><h3>Basis in the text<\/h3><ul><li>Express provision<\/li><li>Related provisions read together<\/li><li>Details set by implementing law<\/li><li>Ambiguous or open to multiple readings<\/li><li>No specific rule identified for this question<\/li><li>Not applicable, with a reason<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3>Review<\/h3><ul><li>Not yet assessed<\/li><li>Assessment in progress<\/li><li>Preliminary answer<\/li><li>Awaiting review<\/li><li>Reviewed<\/li><li>Independent review required<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><p>\u201cNot yet assessed\u201d is not \u201cnot found in the text.\u201d A mechanism\u2019s presence does not establish a complete guarantee; its absence is not automatically a defect. Shared review topics apply one criterion to the selected texts without requiring equal fault counts.<\/p><p>Territorial-status questions apply to federal and non-federal drafts. Intergovernmental questions are not excluded merely because a draft is labelled non-federal.<\/p><\/details><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n <section class=\"icc-section icc-sources\" id=\"icc-sources\" aria-labelledby=\"icc-sources-title\"><h2 id=\"icc-sources-title\">Documents and sources<\/h2><p data-copy=\"attribution\">Atlas of Iranian Civil Society is credited where used to locate documents. Answers link to an identified source edition and its publisher. Iran Life &amp; Liberty is responsible for the framework and readings; this does not imply endorsement by Atlas or the drafts\u2019 authors.<\/p><p>Atlas was used for document discovery, cataloguing and text extraction; this credit does not imply Atlas endorses the comparison method.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/atlasiran.org\/constitutions\">Document catalogue at the Atlas of Iranian Civil Society<\/a><\/p><p>Each file\u2019s title, issuer, document type and exact edition are recorded separately. Article numbers have not been transferred between versions. Documents without numbered constitutional articles use section and page references.<\/p><aside class=\"icc-source-review-note\"><h3>Source editions and review status<\/h3><p>Every identified text has answers and references for 174 questions and subquestions. Collection totals are shown from the current data. This is reading coverage, not a quality score or a completed independent legal review. Independent review is required.<\/p><p>The Jahan Asadi text is read from the identified Naoruz PDF. The Left Socialists text is read from the 2019 Nedaye Azady republication with its January 2010 preface. That republication has not yet been matched against the first 1381 edition, so findings are attributed only to the republication reviewed here.<\/p><p>The Iranian National Think Tank text is the Tir 1387 edition with 163 articles located through Atlas. The Iran Prosperity Project Emergency Phase booklet, advertised as the Esfand 1404 edition, is a transition plan. Its readings are pinned to the 191-page Persian file; some rules differ in the English version, which is not presumed identical.<\/p><\/aside><div class=\"icc-document-sources\"><\/div><\/section>\n <\/div><div class=\"icc-footer\"><bdi lang=\"en\">Iran Life &amp; Liberty<\/bdi><\/div><\/article>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","googlesitekit_rrm_CAow0LXgCw:productID":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_citekit_style":"","footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"ppma_author":[257,1792],"class_list":["post-9118","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Examine Iranian 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